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The following comparative formulas demonstrate how easy it is to convert a traditional odorous flat paint based on AMP into a lower VOC odor-free formulation based on Vantex®-T. The base paint here is a high viscosity DIY type formula optimized at a pH = 9. The binder is a low VOC capable VAE (vinyl acetate-ethylene) resin. The Texanol (coalescing solvent) level in the Vantex®-T based paint was not reduced so that one can more easily see the “drop-in” compatibility of Vantex®-T with existing optimized formulas. A lower VOC paint could easily have been obtained by reducing the level of coalescent that had become unnecessary once Vantex®-T was employed. In most cases, Vantex®-T can be substituted into existing formulations without any work other than a pH check and adjustment.
Flat Latex Paint (amounts given in pounds per 100 gallons):
|
Component
|
AMP-95 Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Water
|
192.0
|
192.0
|
|
Ethylene Glycol
|
18.0
|
18.0
|
|
Tamol 850
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
|
KTPP
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
|
AMP-95
|
1.7
|
-
|
|
Vantex®-T
|
-
|
3.2
|
|
Igepal® CO 630
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
|
Drewplus® L-475
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
|
Nuosept® 95
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
|
Ti-Pure® R-706
|
200.0
|
200.0
|
|
Mattex®
|
110.0
|
110.0
|
|
Number 10 White
|
150.0
|
150.0
|
|
Celite 281 F
|
40.0
|
40.0
|
|
Attagel® 40
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
|
Airflex® EF 811
|
216.0
|
216.0
|
|
Natrosol® Plus 330 (3%)
|
145.0
|
145.0
|
|
Drewplus® L-475
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
|
Acrysol® RM 2020NPR
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
|
Water
|
72.0
|
72.0
|
|
Texanol
|
12.0
|
12.0
|
|
Total (pounds)
|
1195.7
|
1197.2
|
|
PVC = 61.6%, VS = 32.9%
|
|
PVC = pigment volume concentration, VS = volume solids
|
There is almost no difference in the functional properties of the original paint and the modified lower VOC version based on Vantex®-T.
The Flat Paint Drop-In Results:
|
Results (Flat Latex)
|
AMP-95 Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Physical Properties
|
|
pH
|
9.2
|
9.2
|
|
Viscosity, KU
|
97
|
96
|
|
Viscosity, ICI
|
0.95
|
1.05
|
|
Optical Properties
|
|
Contrast Ratio, 3 Mils
|
0.976
|
0.979
|
|
Reflectance
|
94.0
|
93.9
|
|
Yellowing
|
|
L*
|
96.53
|
96.47
|
|
a*
|
-1.10
|
-1.06
|
|
b*
|
2.71
|
2.71
|
|
ASTM E313 YI
|
4.27
|
4.27
|
|
Pigment Dispersion
|
|
Color Acceptance
|
10
|
10
|
|
Color Float
|
8
|
8
|
|
Block Resistance
|
|
7 Days RT
|
10
|
10
|
|
7 Days 120F
|
10
|
10
|
|
Adhesion, Gloss Alkyd, 7 Days
|
|
Wet
|
5B
|
5B
|
|
Dry
|
2B
|
2B
|
|
Water Sensitivity
|
|
4 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
24 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
3 Days
|
10
|
10
|
The following two comparative formulas show that Vantex®-T can also be used effectively in a semi-gloss paint. This formulation employs a low VOC capable 100% acrylic resin. The higher acidity of the resin required a somewhat larger excess of Vantex®-T relative to the amine level in the control formulation. Again, the Texanol (coalescing solvent) level was not reduced in order to show the “drop-in” compatibility of Vantex®-T. The larger excess of Vantex®-T required here allows for an even greater additional VOC reduction through removal of coalescent solvent and/or antifreeze.
Semi-Gloss Latex Paint (amounts given in pounds per 100 gallons):
|
Ingredient
|
Supersperse® 95 Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Ti-Pure® R-946
|
325.5
|
325.5
|
|
Water
|
83.5
|
83.5
|
|
Propylene Glycol
|
37.2
|
37.2
|
|
BYK® 022
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
|
Kathon® LX 1.5%
|
1.8
|
1.8
|
|
Add the Alkanolamine
|
|
Vantex®-T
|
-
|
4.5
|
|
Supersperse® 95
|
2.0
|
-
|
|
Grind & Mix & Let-Down
|
|
Rhoplex SG 30
|
501.4
|
501.4
|
|
Texanol
|
12.5
|
12.5
|
|
Aersol OT-75
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
|
BYK 022
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
|
Acrysol RM 7
|
16.0
|
16.0
|
|
Water
|
65.4
|
65.4
|
Again, virtually identical functional properties are observed. The water resistance and freeze-thaw stability of the Vantex®-T based paint were better.
The Semi-Gloss Paint Drop-In Results:
|
Results (Semi-Gloss Latex)
|
Supersperse-95 Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Physical Properties
|
|
pH
|
8.9
|
8.9
|
|
Viscosity, KU
|
88
|
91
|
|
Viscosity, ICI
|
1.55
|
1.65
|
|
Optical Properties
|
|
Contrast Ratio, 3 Mils
|
0.974
|
0.975
|
|
Reflectance
|
95.2
|
95.2
|
|
Yellowing
|
|
L*
|
96.26
|
96.21
|
|
a*
|
-1.10
|
-1.11
|
|
b*
|
1.55
|
1.62
|
|
ASTM E313 YI
|
2.11
|
2.23
|
|
Pigment Dispersion
|
|
Color Acceptance
|
10
|
10
|
|
Color Float
|
5
|
5
|
|
Block Resistance
|
|
7 Days RT
|
8
|
8
|
|
7 Days 120F
|
5
|
5
|
|
Adhesion, Gloss Alkyd, 7 Days
|
|
Wet
|
5B
|
5B
|
|
Dry
|
5B
|
5B
|
|
Water Sensitivity
|
|
4 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
24 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
3 Days
|
10
|
10
|
|
Scrub Resistance, Cycles
|
1167
|
1452
|
|
Freeze / Thaw Resistance, 3 Cycles
|
|
Viscosity, KU
|
97
|
93
|
|
Difference
|
9
|
2
|
Vantex®-T can also be used to replace ammonia in formulations where odor is the central issue. The comparative formulas below are based on a 100% acrylic resin capable of ambient cure crosslinking and optimized for very low VOC. Oftentimes, the last remaining contributor to odor in a low VOC paint is the neutralizing amine. Vantex®-T allows for the development of paints with both very low odor and low VOC. As above, the level of coalescing solvent and antifreeze in the modified paint were not reduced in order to show the “drop-in” compatibility of Vantex®-T. Further VOC reductions could easily be obtained by lowering the levels of these now redundant components.
Gloss Latex Paint Based on Ammonia (amounts given in pounds per 100 gallons):
|
Ingredient
|
Ammonia (28%) Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Water
|
66.8
|
66.8
|
|
Kathon LX 1.5%
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
|
Tamol 2001
|
5.0
|
5.0
|
|
Triton CF 10
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
|
BYK 022
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
|
Ti-Pure R-706
|
220.0
|
220.0
|
|
Add the Alkanolamine
|
|
Vantex®-T
|
-
|
2.5
|
|
Ammonia (28%)
|
2.0
|
-
|
|
Grind & Mix & Let-Down
|
|
Rhoplex HG 706
|
584.1
|
584.1
|
|
Texanol
|
7.9
|
7.9
|
|
Acrysol RM 2020NPR
|
30.0
|
30.0
|
|
Water
|
92.0
|
92.0
|
|
Triton X-100
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
|
Propylene Glycol
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
|
Water
|
8.3
|
8.3
|
|
Acrysol SCT 275
|
3.5
|
3.5
|
|
BYK 024
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
Again, excellent functional equivalence is seen when ammonia is replaced with Vantex®-T.
Gloss Paint Drop-In Results:
|
Results (Gloss Latex)
|
Ammonia (28%) Paint
|
Vantex®-T Paint
|
|
Physical Properties
|
|
pH
|
9.2
|
9.2
|
|
Viscosity, KU
|
91
|
84
|
|
Viscosity, ICI
|
1.20
|
1.10
|
|
Optical Properties
|
|
Contrast Ratio, 3 Mils
|
0.971
|
0.972
|
|
Reflectance
|
95.0
|
94.8
|
|
Yellowing
|
|
L*
|
96.18
|
96.08
|
|
a*
|
-1.18
|
-1.15
|
|
b*
|
2.13
|
2.18
|
|
ASTM E313 YI
|
3.13
|
3.24
|
|
Pigment Dispersion
|
|
Color Acceptance
|
9
|
9
|
|
Color Float
|
8
|
8
|
|
Block Resistance
|
|
7 Days RT
|
8
|
8
|
|
7 Days 120F
|
8
|
8
|
|
Adhesion, Gloss Alkyd, 7 Days
|
|
Wet
|
5B
|
5B
|
|
Dry
|
5B
|
5B
|
|
Water Sensitivity
|
|
4 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
24 Hours
|
10
|
10
|
|
3 Days
|
10
|
10
|
Off the shelf paint formulas can be easily modified for lower VOC and lower odor through the use of Vantex®-T. Low odor and low VOC are now easily within reach.
Tamol 850: Polyacrylate dispersant sold by Rohm & Haas (Philadelphia, PA)
KTPP: Potassium tripolyphosphate filler pigment
AMP-95: Alkanolamine (10.7 mequiv/g) sold by Dow (Midland, MI)
Vantex®-T: Alkanolamine (6.2 milliequiv/g) sold by Taminco (Gent, Belgium)
Igepal® CO-630: Nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant sold by Stepan (Northfield, IL)
Drewplus® L-475: Defoamer sold by Ashland-Drew Chemicals (Covington, KY)
Nuosept® 95: 50%(aq) Oxazolidines sold by ISP Corporation (Wayne, NJ)
Ti-Pure® R-746: Titanium dioxide slurry sold by Dupont (Wilmington, DE)
Mattex®: Specialty mineral extender sold by BASF (Ludwigschafen, Germany)
Number 10 White: filler calcium carbonate pigment
Celite 281 F: Diatomaceous earth
Attagel® 40: Colloidal inorganic mineral thickener sold by BASF-Engelhard (Ludwigschafen, Germany)
Airflex® EF 811: Low VOC VAE resin sold by APCI (Allentown, PA)
Natrosol® Plus 330: Hydrophobically modified HEC thickener sold by Hercules (Wilmington, DE)
Acrysol® RM 2020NPR: HEUR thickener sold by Rohm & Haas (Philadelphia, PA)
Texanol: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol isobutyrate sold by Eastman (Kingsport, TN)
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